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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Acetonitril</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable infobox float-right" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Chemikalie" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:350px;" summary="Infobox Chemikalie">

<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Strukturformel
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe-basis skin-invert-image" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
</td></tr>










<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Allgemeines
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:33%;">Name
</td>
<td>Acetonitril
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Andere Namen
</td>
<td>
<ul><li>Methylcyanid</li>
<li>Ethannitril</li>
<li>Azetonitril</li>
<li>Essigsäurenitril</li>
<li>Ethansäurenitril</li>
<li>Cyanomethan</li></ul>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Summenformel" title="Summenformel">Summenformel</a>
</td>
<td>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>N
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Kurzbeschreibung
</td>
<td>
<p>farblose Flüssigkeit mit leicht etherischem Geruch<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Externe Identifikatoren/Datenbanken
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding:0;">
<table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable" data-expandtext="+" data-collapsetext="−" style="border-top:none; margin:-1px; width:calc(100% + 2px);">

<tbody><tr>
<td style="width:33%;"><a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=75-05-8">75-05-8</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</td>
<td style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122; border-top:1px solid #FFDEAD; padding:0.2em 0; vertical-align:bottom; width:5%;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="EG-Nummer" title="EG-Nummer">EG-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2">200-835-2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">ECHA</a>-InfoCard
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echa.europa.eu/de/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.000.760">100.000.760</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6342">6342</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.6102.html">6102</a>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td style="border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408047" class="extiw external" title="d:Q408047">Q408047</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>








<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Eigenschaften
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Molare_Masse" title="Molare Masse">Molare Masse</a>
</td>
<td>41,05 g·<a href="Mol" title="Mol">mol</a><sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand">Aggregatzustand</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>flüssig
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Dichte" title="Dichte">Dichte</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>0,78 g·cm<sup>−3</sup> (20 °C)<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Schmelzpunkt" title="Schmelzpunkt">Schmelzpunkt</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>−45 <a href="Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a><sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Siedepunkt" title="Siedepunkt">Siedepunkt</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>82 °C&nbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Dampfdruck" title="Dampfdruck">Dampfdruck</a>
</td>
<td>
<ul><li>93,6 h<a href="Pascal_(Einheit)" title="Pascal (Einheit)">Pa</a> (20&nbsp;°C)<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>149 hPa (30&nbsp;°C)<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>229 hPa (40&nbsp;°C)<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>344 hPa (50&nbsp;°C)<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="PKs-Wert" class="mw-redirect" title="PKs-Wert">p<i>K</i><sub>S</sub>-Wert</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>31,3 (<a href="Dimethylsulfoxid" title="Dimethylsulfoxid">DMSO</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-AoCR_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AoCR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="L%C3%B6slichkeit" title="Löslichkeit">Löslichkeit</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>mit Wasser,<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Aceton" title="Aceton">Aceton</a> und <a href="Methanol" title="Methanol">Methanol</a> mischbar<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Elektrisches_Dipolmoment" title="Elektrisches Dipolmoment">Dipolmoment</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>3,91 <a href="Debye" title="Debye">D</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Brechungsindex" title="Brechungsindex">Brechungsindex</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>1,3442 (30&nbsp;°C)<sup id="cite_ref-CRC90_3_6_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC90_3_6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Sicherheitshinweise
</th></tr>


<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="width:100%;">




<tbody><tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien" title="Global harmonisiertes System zur Einstufung und Kennzeichnung von Chemikalien">GHS-Gefahrstoffkennzeichnung</a></b> aus&nbsp;<a href="Verordnung_(EG)_Nr._1272/2008_(CLP)" title="Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1272/2008 (CLP)">Verordnung&nbsp;(EG) Nr.&nbsp;1272/2008&nbsp;(CLP)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CLP_100.000.760_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLP_100.000.760-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ggf. erweitert<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span><sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<table class="hintergrundfarbe-neutral" style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; display:flex; justify-content:center;">

<tbody><tr>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien#Übersicht:_EU-Gefahrensymbole,_UN/GHS-Gefahrenpiktogramme,_UN/ADR-Gefahrensymbole" title="02 – Leicht-/Hochentzündlich"></a></span>
</td>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien#Übersicht:_EU-Gefahrensymbole,_UN/GHS-Gefahrenpiktogramme,_UN/ADR-Gefahrensymbole" title="07 – Achtung"></a></span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Gefahr</b>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" width="33%" style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed; border-right:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;"><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze" title="H- und P-Sätze">H- und P-Sätze</a>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">H: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: H-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Flüssigkeit und Dampf leicht entzündbar.">225</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Gesundheitsschädlich bei Verschlucken, Hautkontakt oder Einatmen.">302+312+332</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Verursacht schwere Augenreizung.">319</span></span></a>
</td></tr>



<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">P: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: P-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Von Hitze, heißen Oberflächen, Funken, offenen Flammen und anderen Zündquellen fernhalten. Nicht rauchen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „12. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 17. Oktober 2020)">210</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Behälter und zu befüllende Anlage erden.">240</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Bei Berührung mit der Haut: Mit viel Wasser / … waschen.
(Die vom Gesetzgeber offen gelassene Einfügung ist vom Inverkehrbringer zu ergänzen; Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „4. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 1. Dezember 2014)">302+352</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Bei Kontakt mit den Augen: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „8. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 1. Februar 2018)">305+351+338</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="An einem gut belüfteten Ort aufbewahren. Behälter dicht verschlossen halten.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „8. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 1. Februar 2018)">403+233</span></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Maximale_Arbeitsplatz-Konzentration" title="Maximale Arbeitsplatz-Konzentration">MAK</a>
</td>
<td>
<p><a href="Deutsche_Forschungsgemeinschaft" title="Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft">DFG</a>/Schweiz: 20 ml·m<sup>−3</sup> bzw. 34 mg·m<sup>−3</sup><sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Toxizit%C3%A4t" title="Toxizität">Toxikologische Daten</a>
</td>
<td>
<ul><li>2730–3800 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> (<a href="Letale_Dosis" title="Letale Dosis">LD<sub>50</sub></a>,&nbsp;<a href="Ratten" title="Ratten">Ratte</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Peroral" title="Peroral">oral</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-merck_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merck-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></li>
<li>988 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> (<a href="Letale_Dosis" title="Letale Dosis">LD<sub>50</sub></a>,&nbsp;<a href="Kaninchen" title="Kaninchen">Kaninchen</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Transdermal" title="Transdermal">transdermal</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-merck_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merck-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></li></ul>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Thermodynamische Eigenschaften
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Standardbildungsenthalpie" class="mw-redirect" title="Standardbildungsenthalpie">ΔH<sub>f</sub><sup>0</sup></a>
</td>
<td>
<ul><li>40,6 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup> (Flüssigkeit)<sup id="cite_ref-CRC97_5-3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC97_5-3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>74.0 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup> (Gas)<sup id="cite_ref-CRC97_5-3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC97_5-3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122; font-size:80%; text-align:center; line-height:150%; padding:.25em;">Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei <a href="Standardbedingungen" title="Standardbedingungen">Standardbedingungen</a> (0 °C, 1000&nbsp;hPa). Brechungsindex: <a href="Natrium-D-Linie" title="Natrium-D-Linie">Na-D-Linie</a>, 20&nbsp;°C
</td></tr></tbody></table><p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p><p><b>Acetonitril</b> ist ein <a href="Organische_Chemie" title="Organische Chemie">organisches</a> <a href="L%C3%B6sungsmittel" title="Lösungsmittel">Lösungsmittel</a> und das einfachste organische <a href="Nitrile" title="Nitrile">Nitril</a>.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vorkommen">Vorkommen</h2></div>
<p>Die <a href="Spektrallinie" title="Spektrallinie">Emissionslinien</a> von Acetonitril konnten am 1. Dezember 1973 <a href="Radioteleskop" title="Radioteleskop">radioteleskopisch</a> im Kern des <a href="Komet" title="Komet">Kometen</a> <a href="C/1973_E1_(Kohoutek)" title="C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek)">C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek)</a> nachgewiesen werden.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astronomen der ESO haben mithilfe des Teleskops <a href="Atacama_Large_Millimeter/submillimeter_Array" title="Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array">ALMA</a> im April 2015 erstmals größere Mengen von Acetonitril um den jungen Stern <a href="MWC_480" title="MWC 480">MWC 480</a> nachgewiesen.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Herstellung">Herstellung</h2></div>
<p>Industriell fällt Acetonitril bei der Herstellung von <a href="Acrylnitril" title="Acrylnitril">Acrylnitril</a> als <a href="Nebenprodukt" title="Nebenprodukt">Nebenprodukt</a> (etwa 2–4&nbsp;%) an.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eigenständige Industrieprozesse, die primär der Herstellung von Acetonitril dienen, haben kaum Bedeutung.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Andere Herstellungsmethoden sind die Reaktion von Kaliummethylsulfat mit <a href="Kaliumcyanid" title="Kaliumcyanid">Kaliumcyanid</a> und von <a href="Ammoniumacetat" title="Ammoniumacetat">Ammoniumacetat</a> mit <a href="Phosphorpentoxid" title="Phosphorpentoxid">Phosphorpentoxid</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oder die <a href="Dehydratisierung_(Chemie)" title="Dehydratisierung (Chemie)">Dehydratisierung</a> von <a href="Acetamid" title="Acetamid">Acetamid</a>. Mit einem <a href="Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän">Molybdän</a>-Katalysator auf <a href="Kieselgel" title="Kieselgel">Silica</a> kann es in einer Gasphasenreaktion aus <a href="Kohlenstoffmonoxid" title="Kohlenstoffmonoxid">Kohlenstoffmonoxid</a>, <a href="Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff">Wasserstoff</a> und <a href="Ammoniak" title="Ammoniak">Ammoniak</a> hergestellt werden.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weiterhin entsteht es durch die <a href="Dehydrierung" title="Dehydrierung">Dehydrierung</a> von <a href="Ethylamin" title="Ethylamin">Ethylamin</a> mit einem <a href="Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ruthenium</a>-Katalysator.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die <a href="Ammonoxidation" title="Ammonoxidation">Ammonoxidation</a> von <a href="Ethan" title="Ethan">Ethan</a> zu Acetonitril ist mit <a href="Nickel(II)-oxid" title="Nickel(II)-oxid">Nickel(II)-oxid</a> auf <a href="Niob(V)-oxid" title="Niob(V)-oxid">Niob(V)-oxid</a> möglich.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ähnliche Katalysatoren können außerdem für die Ammonoxidation von <a href="Ethen" title="Ethen">Ethylen</a> verwendet werden.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Ammonoxidation von <a href="Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a> zu Acetonitril ist mit <a href="Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a> auf <a href="Titan(IV)-oxid" title="Titan(IV)-oxid">Titandioxid</a> möglich.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Schließlich ist die Reaktion von zum Beispiel <a href="Brommethan" title="Brommethan">Brommethan</a> mit <a href="Natriumcyanid" title="Natriumcyanid">Natriumcyanid</a> in einer <a href="Kolbe-Nitrilsynthese" title="Kolbe-Nitrilsynthese">Kolbe-Nitrilsynthese</a> möglich:<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CH_{3}Br+NaCN\longrightarrow NaBr+CH_{3}CN} }">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {CH_{3}Br+NaCN\longrightarrow NaBr+CH_{3}CN} }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6154b0f13bc49f2965f78a80d4b85ad44e99a69b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:37.495ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CH_{3}Br+NaCN\longrightarrow NaBr+CH_{3}CN} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physikalische_Eigenschaften">Physikalische Eigenschaften</h3></div>
<p>Acetonitril ist eine farblose Flüssigkeit, die unter <a href="Normaldruck" class="mw-redirect" title="Normaldruck">Normaldruck</a> bei 81,65 °C siedet.<sup id="cite_ref-Rao1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rao1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rao2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rao2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die <a href="Dampfdruck" title="Dampfdruck">Dampfdruckfunktion</a> ergibt sich nach <a href="Antoine-Gleichung" title="Antoine-Gleichung">Antoine</a> entsprechend log<sub>10</sub>(P) = A−(B/(T+C)) (P in bar, T in K) mit A = 4,27873, B = 1355,374 und C = −37,853 im Temperaturbereich von 288,3 bis 362,3&nbsp;K<sup id="cite_ref-Dojcansky_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dojcansky-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bzw. mit A = 5,93296, B = 2345,829 und C = 43,815 im Temperaturbereich von 280,41 bis 300,53&nbsp;K.<sup id="cite_ref-Putnam_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Putnam-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die <a href="W%C3%A4rmekapazit%C3%A4t" title="Wärmekapazität">Wärmekapazität</a> beträgt bei 25&nbsp;°C 91,96 J·mol<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup> bzw. 2,23 J·g<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kolker_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kolker-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Es bildet mit Wasser ein <a href="Azeotrop" title="Azeotrop">azeotropes Gemisch</a> aus 83,7 Gew.-% Acetonitril zu 16,3 Gew.-% Wasser und einem Siedepunkt von 76,5&nbsp;°C, 5,5&nbsp;<a href="Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> unter dem Siedepunkt von reinem Acetonitril.<sup id="cite_ref-ponton_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ponton-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Verbindung bildet mit einer Reihe von organischen Lösungsmitteln <a href="Azeotrop" title="Azeotrop">azeotrop</a> siedende Gemische. Die azeotropen Zusammensetzungen und Siedepunkte finden sich in der folgenden Tabelle. Keine Azeotrope werden mit <a href="Ethylbenzol" title="Ethylbenzol">Ethylbenzol</a>, <a href="Xylole" title="Xylole">Xylole</a>, <a href="N-Butanol" class="mw-redirect" title="N-Butanol">n-Butanol</a>, <a href="Isobutanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Isobutanol">Isobutanol</a>, <a href="Chloroform" title="Chloroform">Chloroform</a>, <a href="Aceton" title="Aceton">Aceton</a>, <a href="Diethylether" title="Diethylether">Diethylether</a>, <a href="Dioxan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioxan">Dioxan</a>, <a href="Methylacetat" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylacetat">Methylacetat</a>, <a href="Dimethylformamid" title="Dimethylformamid">Dimethylformamid</a>, <a href="Essigs%C3%A4ure" title="Essigsäure">Essigsäure</a> und <a href="Pyridin" title="Pyridin">Pyridin</a> gebildet.<sup id="cite_ref-Smallwood_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smallwood-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable left" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;">

<tbody><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe6" colspan="13"><b>Azeotrope mit verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln</b><sup id="cite_ref-Smallwood_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smallwood-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align:left;"><a href="L%C3%B6sungsmittel" title="Lösungsmittel">Lösungsmittel</a>
</td>
<td></td>
<td><a href="Methanol" title="Methanol">Methanol</a></td>
<td><a href="Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a></td>
<td><a href="1-Propanol" title="1-Propanol">1-Propanol</a></td>
<td><a href="2-Propanol" title="2-Propanol">2-Propanol</a></td>
<td><a href="Ethylacetat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethylacetat">Ethylacetat</a></td>
<td><a href="Isopropylacetat" class="mw-redirect" title="Isopropylacetat">Isopropylacetat</a></td>
<td><a href="Tetrachlormethan" title="Tetrachlormethan">Tetrachlormethan</a></td>
<td><a href="1%2C2-Dichlorethan" title="1,2-Dichlorethan">1,2-Dichlorethan</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align:left;">Gehalt Acetonitril
</td>
<td>in Ma%</td>
<td>81</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>72</td>
<td>52</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>49
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align:left;"><a href="Siedepunkt" title="Siedepunkt">Siedepunkt</a>
</td>
<td>in °C</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>73</td>
<td>81</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>79
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align:left;">Lösungsmittel
</td>
<td></td>
<td><a href="N-Pentan" class="mw-redirect" title="N-Pentan">n-Pentan</a></td>
<td><a href="N-Hexan" class="mw-redirect" title="N-Hexan">n-Hexan</a></td>
<td><a href="N-Heptan" class="mw-redirect" title="N-Heptan">n-Heptan</a></td>
<td><a href="N-Octan" class="mw-redirect" title="N-Octan">n-Octan</a></td>
<td><a href="Cyclohexan" title="Cyclohexan">Cyclohexan</a></td>
<td><a href="Benzol" title="Benzol">Benzol</a></td>
<td><a href="Toluol" title="Toluol">Toluol</a></td>
<td><a href="2%2C2%2C4-Trimethylpentan" title="2,2,4-Trimethylpentan">2,2,4-Trimethylpentan</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align:left;">Gehalt Acetonitril
</td>
<td>in Ma%</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>76</td>
<td>41
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align:left;">Siedepunkt
</td>
<td>in °C</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>57</td>
<td>69</td>
<td>77</td>
<td>62</td>
<td>73</td>
<td>81</td>
<td>69
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemische_Eigenschaften">Chemische Eigenschaften</h3></div>
<p>Acetonitril hydrolysiert in Gegenwart von Säuren und Basen zu Essigsäure und Ammoniak. Je nach Säure- bzw. Basenkonzentration kann die Reaktion stark exotherm verlaufen.<sup id="cite_ref-Sjeng_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sjeng-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CH_{3}CN+2\,H_{2}O+HCl\rightarrow CH_{3}COOH+NH_{4}Cl} }">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {CH_{3}CN+2\,H_{2}O+HCl\rightarrow CH_{3}COOH+NH_{4}Cl} }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/905d33c5812a9f049762b4d22a43698908b93c9c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:48.633ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CH_{3}CN+2\,H_{2}O+HCl\rightarrow CH_{3}COOH+NH_{4}Cl} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CH_{3}CN+H_{2}O+NaOH\rightarrow CH_{3}COONa+NH_{3}} }">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {CH_{3}CN+H_{2}O+NaOH\rightarrow CH_{3}COONa+NH_{3}} }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/41cee20d1b5ba09c18b7f3725f2287ca1fa4f53d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:48.31ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CH_{3}CN+H_{2}O+NaOH\rightarrow CH_{3}COONa+NH_{3}} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Bei Kontakt mit <a href="Schwefels%C3%A4ure" title="Schwefelsäure">Schwefelsäure</a> kann oberhalb von 50 °C eine sich selbst beschleunigende, stark exotherme bis explosionsartige Reaktion auftreten, deren Ursache eine <a href="Polymerisation" title="Polymerisation">Polymerisation</a> des Acetonitrils ist.<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bretherick1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bretherick1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Mischungen mit rauchender <a href="Salpeters%C3%A4ure" title="Salpetersäure">Salpetersäure</a> oder <a href="Perchlors%C3%A4ure" title="Perchlorsäure">Perchlorsäure</a> sind hoch explosiv.<sup id="cite_ref-Bretherick2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bretherick2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Andrussow_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrussow-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die Methyl-Gruppe des Acetonitril-Moleküls besitzt <a href="CH-Acidit%C3%A4t" title="CH-Acidität">CH-Acidität</a> und kann durch diverse <a href="Basen_(Chemie)" title="Basen (Chemie)">Basen</a> (hier als B<sup>−</sup> dargestellt) deprotoniert werden, wobei ein <a href="Mesomeriestabilisiert" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesomeriestabilisiert">resonanzstabilisiertes</a> <a href="Carbanion" title="Carbanion">Carbanion</a> gebildet wird. Dies ist beispielsweise mit <a href="Natriummethylat" class="mw-redirect" title="Natriummethylat">Natriummethylat</a>, <a href="Natriumbis(trimethylsilyl)amid" title="Natriumbis(trimethylsilyl)amid">Natriumbis(trimethylsilyl)amid</a> oder mit <a href="Butyllithium" title="Butyllithium"><i>n</i>-Butyllithium</a> möglich.<sup id="cite_ref-eEROS_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eEROS-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>

<p>Durch Reaktion mit <a href="Tert-Butyllithium" title="Tert-Butyllithium"><i>tert</i>-Butyllithium</a> in <a href="Diethylether" title="Diethylether">Diethylether</a> bei −78 °C erfolgt eine doppelte Deprotonierung.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Folgereaktionen kann das Dimer Diacetonitril<sup id="cite_ref-Krüger_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krüger-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oder das Trimer 4-Amino-2,6-dimethylpyrimidin<sup id="cite_ref-Cook_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gebildet werden.
</p>


<p>Acetonitril greift <a href="Gummi" title="Gummi">Gummi</a> an und löst viele <a href="Polymer" title="Polymer">Polymere</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sicherheitstechnische_Kenngrößen"><span id="Sicherheitstechnische_Kenngr.C3.B6.C3.9Fen"></span>Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen</h3></div>
<p>Acetonitril bildet leicht entzündliche Dampf-Luft-Gemische. Die Verbindung hat einen <a href="Flammpunkt" title="Flammpunkt">Flammpunkt</a> bei 2&nbsp;°C.<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der <a href="Explosionsgrenze" title="Explosionsgrenze">Explosionsbereich</a> liegt zwischen 3,0&nbsp;Vol.‑% (50&nbsp;g/m<sup>3</sup>) als <a href="Explosionsgrenze" title="Explosionsgrenze">untere Explosionsgrenze</a> (UEG) und 17&nbsp;Vol.‑% als <a href="Explosionsgrenze" title="Explosionsgrenze">obere Explosionsgrenze</a> (OEG).<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die <a href="Sauerstoffgrenzkonzentration" title="Sauerstoffgrenzkonzentration">Sauerstoffgrenzkonzentration</a> liegt bei 25&nbsp;°C bei 12,7 Vol%.<sup id="cite_ref-Osterberg_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osterberg-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die <a href="Grenzspaltweite" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenzspaltweite">Grenzspaltweite</a> wurde mit 1,5&nbsp;mm bestimmt.<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es resultiert damit eine Zuordnung in die <a href="Explosionsgruppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosionsgruppe">Explosionsgruppe</a> IIA.<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die <a href="Z%C3%BCndtemperatur" title="Zündtemperatur">Zündtemperatur</a> beträgt 525&nbsp;°C.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der Stoff fällt somit in die <a href="Temperaturklasse" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperaturklasse">Temperaturklasse</a> T1. Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit ist mit 6·10<sup>−8</sup> S·m<sup>−1</sup> eher gering.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2></div>
<p>Acetonitril ist ein gebräuchliches <a href="L%C3%B6sungsmittel" title="Lösungsmittel">Lösungsmittel</a> im <a href="Labor" title="Labor">Labor</a>, in der chemischen Analytik (beispielsweise <a href="HPLC" class="mw-redirect" title="HPLC">HPLC</a>) und in der <a href="Technische_Chemie" title="Technische Chemie">technischen Chemie</a>, dort hauptsächlich zur <a href="Extraktion_(Verfahrenstechnik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Extraktion (Verfahrenstechnik)">Extraktion</a> von <a href="1%2C3-Butadien" title="1,3-Butadien">1,3-Butadien</a>. Acetonitril dient als Lösemittel für <a href="Leitsalz" title="Leitsalz">Leitsalze</a> in <a href="Doppelschichtkondensator" class="mw-redirect" title="Doppelschichtkondensator">Doppelschichtkondensatoren</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acetonitril-d3">Acetonitril-d<sub>3</sub></h3></div>
<p>Vollständig deuteriertes Acetonitril (Acetonitril-d<sub>3</sub>) – in dem alle drei Wasserstoffatome durch <a href="Deuterium" title="Deuterium">Deuterium</a> ausgetauscht sind – wird als Lösungsmittel in der <a href="NMR-Spektroskopie" class="mw-redirect" title="NMR-Spektroskopie">NMR-Spektroskopie</a> benutzt.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sicherheitshinweise">Sicherheitshinweise</h2></div>
<p>Acetonitril wirkt reizend. Es ist gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Hautkontakt. Acetonitril wird durch die Haut (<a href="Perkutan" title="Perkutan">perkutan</a>) resorbiert und wirkt im Körper als <a href="Blutgift" title="Blutgift">Blutgift</a>.
</p><p>Acetonitril weist bei geringer Dosierung nur eine geringe Toxizität auf.<sup id="cite_ref-inrs_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inrs-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encyc-toxic_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyc-toxic-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es wird zu <a href="Cyanwasserstoff" title="Cyanwasserstoff">Cyanwasserstoff</a> metabolisiert, welches die Ursache für die beobachteten Symptome darstellt.<sup id="cite_ref-ecb_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecb-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-who_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-epa_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epa-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Symptome treten gewöhnlich zeitverzögert auf (zwischen 2 und 12&nbsp;Stunden), da es einiger Zeit bedarf, bis der Körper das Acetonitril zum Cyanid metabolisiert hat.<sup id="cite_ref-encyc-toxic_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyc-toxic-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Fälle von Vergiftungserscheinungen durch Inhalation, orale Einnahme oder Hautresorption beim Menschen sind selten, aber nicht unbekannt.<sup id="cite_ref-who_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zu den Symptomen, die erst einige Stunden nach Exposition auftreten, zählen Atmungsschwierigkeiten, niedriger Puls, Übelkeit und Brechreiz. In ernsten Fällen können Krämpfe und Koma auftreten, gefolgt vom Tod durch respiratorisches Versagen. Die Gegenmaßnahmen sind wie bei einer <a href="Blaus%C3%A4urevergiftung" class="mw-redirect" title="Blausäurevergiftung">Cyanidvergiftung</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-who_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Der <a href="Arbeitsplatzgrenzwert" title="Arbeitsplatzgrenzwert">Arbeitsplatzgrenzwert</a> (AGW) für Acetonitril beträgt 10 ml/m<sup>3</sup> (ppm) bzw. 17 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. Zur Messung der Acetonitrilexpositionen am <a href="Arbeitsplatz" title="Arbeitsplatz">Arbeitsplatz</a> wird mit einer geeigneten Pumpe ein definiertes Luftvolumen durch ein Silicagelröhrchen gesaugt. Das in der Luft enthaltene Acetonitril wird von einem Aktivkohleröhrchen adsorbiert. Die qualitative und quantitative Bestimmung erfolgt gaschromatographisch mit einem <a href="Flammenionisationsdetektor" title="Flammenionisationsdetektor">Flammenionisationsdetektor</a>. Die Bestimmungsgrenze beträgt 1 mg/m³ bei 40 L Probeluftvolumen.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Acetonitrile?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Acetonitril</a></span></b>&nbsp;– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-6">g</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-7">h</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-8">i</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-9">j</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-10">k</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-11">l</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-12">m</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-13">n</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-14">o</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-15">p</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-16">q</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gestis.dguv.de/data?name=013660">Acetonitril</a></span> in der <a href="GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank" title="GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank">GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank</a> des <a href="Institut_f%C3%BCr_Arbeitsschutz_der_Deutschen_Gesetzlichen_Unfallversicherung" title="Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung">IFA</a>, abgerufen am 30.&nbsp;Oktober 2025.<small class="noscript"><span></span> (JavaScript erforderlich)</small></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-AoCR-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AoCR_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Frederick G. Bordwell: <cite style="font-style:italic">Equilibrium Acidities in Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solution</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Accounts_of_Chemical_Research" title="Accounts of Chemical Research">Accounts of Chemical Research</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>21</span>, 1988, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>456–463</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00156a004">10.1021/ar00156a004</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Acetonitril&amp;rft.atitle=Equilibrium+Acidities+in+Dimethyl+Sulfoxide+Solution&amp;rft.au=Frederick+G.+Bordwell&amp;rft.btitle=Accounts+of+Chemical+Research&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.doi=10.1021%2Far00156a004&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=456-463&amp;rft.volume=21" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:italic">Europäisches Arzneibuch 10.0</cite>. Deutscher Apotheker Verlag, 2020, ISBN 978-3-7692-7515-5, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>687</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Acetonitril&amp;rft.btitle=Europ%C3%A4isches+Arzneibuch+10.0&amp;rft.date=2020&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783769275155&amp;rft.pages=687&amp;rft.pub=Deutscher+Apotheker+Verlag" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Alston Steiner, W. Gordy: <cite style="font-style:italic">Precision measurement of dipole moments and other spectral constants of normal and deuterated methyl fluoride and methyl cyanide</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>21</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1–4</span>, Januar 1966, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>291–301</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852%2866%2990152-4">10.1016/0022-2852(66)90152-4</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Acetonitril&amp;rft.atitle=Precision+measurement+of+dipole+moments+and+other+spectral+constants+of+normal+and+deuterated+methyl+fluoride+and+methyl+cyanide&amp;rft.au=P.+Alston+Steiner%2C+W.+Gordy&amp;rft.date=1966-01&amp;rft.doi=10.1016%2F0022-2852%2866%2990152-4&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=1-4&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Spectroscopy&amp;rft.pages=291-301&amp;rft.volume=21" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CRC90_3_6-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CRC90_3_6_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David R. Lide (Hrsg.): <i><a href="CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></i>. 90.&nbsp;Auflage. (Internet-Version: 2010), CRC Press&nbsp;/ Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton FL, <i>Physical Constants of Organic Compounds</i>, S.&nbsp;3-6.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CLP_100.000.760-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CLP_100.000.760_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chem.echa.europa.eu/100.000.760/harmonised">Acetonitrile</a></span> in der Datenbank <i>ECHA CHEM</i> der <a href="Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">Europäischen Chemikalienagentur</a> (ECHA), abgerufen am 1.&nbsp;Februar 2016. Hersteller bzw. <a href="Inverkehrbringen_von_Produkten_(EU-Wirtschaftsrecht)" title="Inverkehrbringen von Produkten (EU-Wirtschaftsrecht)">Inverkehrbringer</a> können die harmonisierte Einstufung und Kennzeichnung <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reach-clp-biozid-helpdesk.de/de/CLP/Einstufung/Selbsteinstufung/Selbsteinstufung.html">erweitern</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Schweizerische_Unfallversicherungsanstalt" title="Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt">Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt</a> (Suva): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.suva.ch/de-ch/services/grenzwerte"><i>Grenzwerte – Aktuelle MAK- und BAT-Werte</i></a> (Suche nach <i>75-05-8</i> bzw. <i>Acetonitril</i>), abgerufen am 2.&nbsp;November 2015.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-merck-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-merck_8-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-merck_8-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Datenblatt <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merckmillipore.com/DE/de/product/msds/MDA_CHEM-113212?Origin=PDP">Acetonitril</a></span> bei <a href="Merck_KGaA" title="Merck KGaA">Merck</a>, abgerufen am 22.&nbsp;Februar 2010.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CRC97_5-3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CRC97_5-3_9-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CRC97_5-3_9-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">W. M. Haynes (Hrsg.): <i><a href="CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></i>. 97.&nbsp;Auflage. (Internet-Version: 2016), CRC Press&nbsp;/ Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton FL, <i>Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances</i>, S.&nbsp;5-3.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">B. L. Ulrich, E. K. Conklin: <i>Detection of Methyl Cyanide in Comet Kohoutek (1973f).</i> In: <i>Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society.</i> Vol. 6, 1974, S. 389 (<a href="Bibcode" title="Bibcode">bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1974BAAS....6..389S">1974BAAS....6..389S</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Martin Holland: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Bausteine-des-Lebens-Komplexe-organische-Molekuele-um-fremden-Stern-2597628.html"><i>Bausteine des Lebens: Komplexe organische Moleküle um fremden Stern.</i></a> In: <i>heise online.</i> 9.&nbsp;April 2015,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 13.&nbsp;Januar 2016</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AAcetonitril&amp;rft.title=Bausteine+des+Lebens%3A+Komplexe+organische+Molek%C3%BCle+um+fremden+Stern&amp;rft.description=Bausteine+des+Lebens%3A+Komplexe+organische+Molek%C3%BCle+um+fremden+Stern&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heise.de%2Fnewsticker%2Fmeldung%2FBausteine-des-Lebens-Komplexe-organische-Molekuele-um-fremden-Stern-2597628.html&amp;rft.creator=Martin+Holland&amp;rft.date=2015-04-09">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harold A. Wittcoff, Bryan G. Reuben, Jeffery S. Plotkin: <cite style="font-style:italic">Industrial Organic Chemicals</cite>. John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2004, ISBN 0-471-44385-9, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>181–183</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.de/books/edition/Industrial_Organic_Chemicals/4KHzc-nYPNsC?hl=de&amp;gbpv=0">google.de</a> [abgerufen am 31.&nbsp;Juli 2024]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Acetonitril&amp;rft.au=Harold+A.+Wittcoff%2C+Bryan+G.+Reuben%2C+Jeffery+S.+Plotkin&amp;rft.btitle=Industrial+Organic+Chemicals&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0471443859&amp;rft.pages=181-183&amp;rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ziguo Yuan, Xin Zhang, Qian Yao, Ying Zhang, Yao Fu: <cite style="font-style:italic">Production of acetonitrile via catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass derived polylactic acid under ammonia atmosphere</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>140</span>, Juni 2019, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>376–384</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2019.04.017">10.1016/j.jaap.2019.04.017</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Acetonitril&amp;rft.atitle=Production+of+acetonitrile+via+catalytic+fast+pyrolysis+of+biomass+derived+polylactic+acid+under+ammonia+atmosphere&amp;rft.au=Ziguo+Yuan%2C+Xin+Zhang%2C+Qian+Yao%2C+...&amp;rft.btitle=Journal+of+Analytical+and+Applied+Pyrolysis&amp;rft.date=2019-06&amp;rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.jaap.2019.04.017&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=376-384&amp;rft.volume=140" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Elizabeth Rojas, Juan J. Delgado, M. Olga Guerrero-Pérez, Miguel A. Bañares: <cite style="font-style:italic">Performance of NiO and Ni–Nb–O active phases during the ethane ammoxidation into acetonitrile</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Catalysis Science &amp; Technology</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>3</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>12</span>, 2013, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>3173</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cy00415e">10.1039/c3cy00415e</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Acetonitril&amp;rft.atitle=Performance+of+NiO+and+Ni-Nb-O+active+phases+during+the+ethane+ammoxidation+into+acetonitrile&amp;rft.au=Elizabeth+Rojas%2C+Juan+J.+Delgado%2C+M.+Olga+Guerrero-P%C3%A9rez%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.doi=10.1039%2Fc3cy00415e&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.jtitle=Catalysis+Science+%26+Technology&amp;rft.pages=3173&amp;rft.volume=3" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Erlenmeyer: <cite style="font-style:italic">Erlenmeyer's Lehrbuch der organischen Chemie</cite>. C. F. Winter'sche Verlagshandlung, 1883, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>352–353</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.de/books/edition/Erlenmeyer_s_Lehrbuch_der_organischen_Ch/BBbDnwdDRbkC?hl=de&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=kolbe+acetonitrile&amp;pg=PA353&amp;printsec=frontcover">google.de</a> [abgerufen am 31.&nbsp;Juli 2024]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Acetonitril&amp;rft.au=Erlenmeyer&amp;rft.btitle=Erlenmeyer%27s+Lehrbuch+der+organischen+Chemie&amp;rft.date=1883&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=352-353&amp;rft.pub=C.+F.+Winter%27sche+Verlagshandlung" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Takashi Tatsumi, Shigeki Kunitomi, Jun Yoshiwara, Atsushi Muramatsu, Hiro-o Tominaga: <cite style="font-style:italic">Synthesis of acetonitrile and related compounds from CO-H2-NH3 over Mo/SiO2</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Catalysis Letters</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>3</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>3</span>, 1989, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>223–226</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00766397">10.1007/BF00766397</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Acetonitril&amp;rft.atitle=Synthesis+of+acetonitrile+and+related+compounds+from+CO-H2-NH3+over+Mo%2FSiO2&amp;rft.au=Takashi+Tatsumi%2C+Shigeki+Kunitomi%2C+Jun+Yoshiwara%2C+...&amp;rft.date=1989&amp;rft.doi=10.1007%2FBF00766397&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.jtitle=Catalysis+Letters&amp;rft.pages=223-226&amp;rft.volume=3" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K Kim: <cite style="font-style:italic">The selective synthesis of acetonitrile from carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and ammonia over MO/SiO2</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of Catalysis</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>137</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1</span>, September 1992, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>127–138</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517%2892%2990144-7">10.1016/0021-9517(92)90144-7</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Acetonitril&amp;rft.atitle=The+selective+synthesis+of+acetonitrile+from+carbon+monoxide%2C+hydrogen%2C+and+ammonia+over+MO%2FSiO2&amp;rft.au=K+Kim&amp;rft.date=1992-09&amp;rft.doi=10.1016%2F0021-9517%2892%2990144-7&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Catalysis&amp;rft.pages=127-138&amp;rft.volume=137" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emily C. Corker, Uffe V. Mentzel, Jerrik Mielby, Anders Riisager, Rasmus Fehrmann: <cite style="font-style:italic">An alternative pathway for production of acetonitrile: ruthenium catalysed aerobic dehydrogenation of ethylamine</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Green Chemistry</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>15</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>4</span>, 2013, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>928</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c3gc36513a">10.1039/c3gc36513a</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Acetonitril&amp;rft.atitle=An+alternative+pathway+for+production+of+acetonitrile%3A+ruthenium+catalysed+aerobic+dehydrogenation+of+ethylamine&amp;rft.au=Emily+C.+Corker%2C+Uffe+V.+Mentzel%2C+Jerrik+Mielby%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.doi=10.1039%2Fc3gc36513a&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&amp;rft.pages=928&amp;rft.volume=15" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Elizabeth Rojas, M. Olga Guerrero-Pérez, Miguel A. Bañares: <cite style="font-style:italic">Niobia-Supported Nanoscaled Bulk-NiO Catalysts for the Ammoxidation of Ethane into Acetonitrile</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Catalysis Letters</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>143</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1</span>, Januar 2013, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>31–42</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-012-0937-7">10.1007/s10562-012-0937-7</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Acetonitril&amp;rft.atitle=Niobia-Supported+Nanoscaled+Bulk-NiO+Catalysts+for+the+Ammoxidation+of+Ethane+into+Acetonitrile&amp;rft.au=Elizabeth+Rojas%2C+M.+Olga+Guerrero-P%C3%A9rez%2C+Miguel+A.+Ba%C3%B1ares&amp;rft.date=2013-01&amp;rft.doi=10.1007%2Fs10562-012-0937-7&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Catalysis+Letters&amp;rft.pages=31-42&amp;rft.volume=143" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fernando Rubio‐Marcos, Elizabeth Rojas, Ricardo López‐Medina, M. Olga Guerrero‐Pérez, Miguel A. Bañares, José F. Fernandez: <cite style="font-style:italic">Tuning of Active Sites in Ni—Nb—O Catalysts for the Direct Conversion of Ethane to Acetonitrile or Ethylene</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">ChemCatChem</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>3</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>10</span>, 17.&nbsp;Oktober 2011, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1637–1645</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201100115">10.1002/cctc.201100115</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Acetonitril&amp;rft.atitle=Tuning+of+Active+Sites+in+Ni%E2%80%94Nb%E2%80%94O+Catalysts+for+the+Direct+Conversion+of+Ethane+to+Acetonitrile+or+Ethylene&amp;rft.au=Fernando+Rubio%E2%80%90Marcos%2C+Elizabeth+Rojas%2C+Ricardo+L%C3%B3pez%E2%80%90Medina%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2011-10-17&amp;rft.doi=10.1002%2Fcctc.201100115&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=10&amp;rft.jtitle=ChemCatChem&amp;rft.pages=1637-1645&amp;rft.volume=3" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Conor Hamill, Hafedh Driss, Alex Goguet, Robbie Burch, Lachezar Petrov, Muhammad Daous, David Rooney: <cite style="font-style:italic">Mild temperature palladium-catalyzed ammoxidation of ethanol to acetonitrile</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Applied Catalysis A: General</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>506</span>, Oktober 2015, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>261–267</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2015.09.030">10.1016/j.apcata.2015.09.030</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Acetonitril&amp;rft.atitle=Mild+temperature+palladium-catalyzed+ammoxidation+of+ethanol+to+acetonitrile&amp;rft.au=Conor+Hamill%2C+Hafedh+Driss%2C+Alex+Goguet%2C+...&amp;rft.btitle=Applied+Catalysis+A%3A+General&amp;rft.date=2015-10&amp;rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.apcata.2015.09.030&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=261-267&amp;rft.volume=506" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence J. Winters, Ernest Grunwald: <cite style="font-style:italic">Organic Reactions Occurring in or on Micelles. III. Reaction of Methyl Bromide with Cyanide Ion 1,2</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of the American Chemical Society</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>87</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>20</span>, Oktober 1965, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>4608–4611</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00948a037">10.1021/ja00948a037</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Acetonitril&amp;rft.atitle=Organic+Reactions+Occurring+in+or+on+Micelles.+III.+Reaction+of+Methyl+Bromide+with+Cyanide+Ion+1%2C2&amp;rft.au=Lawrence+J.+Winters%2C+Ernest+Grunwald&amp;rft.date=1965-10&amp;rft.doi=10.1021%2Fja00948a037&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=20&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&amp;rft.pages=4608-4611&amp;rft.volume=87" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Rao1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rao1_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Subba Rao, D.; Rao, K.V.; Ravi Prasad, A.; Chiranjivi, C.: <i>Extraction of acetonitrile from aqueous mixtures. 2. Ternary liquid equilibriums</i> <a href="J._Chem._Eng._Data" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Chem. Eng. Data">J. Chem. Eng. Data</a> 24 (1979) 241–244, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/je60082a014" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1021/je60082a014">doi:10.1021/je60082a014</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Rao2-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rao2_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sivarama Rao, C.V.; Rao, K.V.; Ravi Prasad, A.; Chiranjivi, C.: <i>Extraction of acetonitrile from aqueous solutions. 1. Ternary liquid equilibriums</i> in J. Chem. Eng. Data 23 (1978) 23–25, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/je60076a009" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1021/je60076a009">doi:10.1021/je60076a009</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Dojcansky-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dojcansky_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dojcansky, J.; Heinrich, J.: <i>Saturated Vapour Pressure of Acetonitrile</i> in Chem. Zvesti 28 (1974) 157–159.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Putnam-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Putnam_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Putnam, W.E.; McEachern, D.M., Jr.; Kilpatrick, J.E.: <i>Entropy and related thermodynamic properties of acetonitrile (methyl cyanide)</i> in <a href="J._Chem._Phys." class="mw-redirect" title="J. Chem. Phys.">J. Chem. Phys.</a> 42 (1965) 749–755, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1696002" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1063/1.1696002">doi:10.1063/1.1696002</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Kolker-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kolker_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kolker, A.M.; Kulikov, M.V.; Krestov, A.G.: <i>Volumes and heat capacities of binary non-aqueous mixtures. Part 2. The systems acetonitrile-N,N-dimethylformamide and acetonitrile-hexamethylphosphoric triamide</i> in <a href="Thermochim._Acta" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermochim. Acta">Thermochim. Acta</a> 211 (1992) 73–84, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031%2892%2987008-X">10.1016/0040-6031(92)87008-X</a></span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ponton-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ponton_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Jack Ponton: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepages.ed.ac.uk/jwp/Chemeng/azeotrope/AA.html"><i>Azeotrope Databank.</i></a> (Queriable database) The Edinburgh Collection of Open Software for Simulation and Education, Edinburgh University, September 2001,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 20.&nbsp;Februar 2008</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AAcetonitril&amp;rft.title=Azeotrope+Databank&amp;rft.description=Azeotrope+Databank&amp;rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fhomepages.ed.ac.uk%2Fjwp%2FChemeng%2Fazeotrope%2FAA.html&amp;rft.creator=Jack+Ponton&amp;rft.publisher=The+Edinburgh+Collection+of+Open+Software+for+Simulation+and+Education%2C+Edinburgh+University&amp;rft.date=2001-09">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Smallwood-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Smallwood_29-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Smallwood_29-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">I. M. Smallwood: <i>Handbook of organic solvent properties.</i> Arnold, London 1996, ISBN 0-340-64578-4, S.&nbsp;289–291.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Sjeng-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sjeng_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jianwen Chen; Youwei Chen; Min Sheng: <i>Calorimetric Study for the Hydrolysis of Acetonitrile Catalyzed by Acids or Bases</i> in <a href="Org._Process_Res._Dev." class="mw-redirect" title="Org. Process Res. Dev.">Org. Process Res. Dev.</a> 29 (2025) 2486–2496, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00171" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00171">doi:10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00171</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Bretherick1-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bretherick1_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P.G. Urben; M.J. Pitt: <i>Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards</i>. 8. Edition, Vol. 1, Butterworth/Heinemann 2017, ISBN 978-0-08-100971-0, S. 185.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Bretherick2-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bretherick2_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P.G. Urben; M.J. Pitt: <i>Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards</i>. 8. Edition, Vol. 1, Butterworth/Heinemann 2017, ISBN 978-0-08-100971-0, S. 789, 926.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Andrussow-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Andrussow_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrussov, L.: <i>Proprietes explosives des melanges de composes organ1ques avec l'acide nitrique et l'acide perchlorique. Leur danger latent</i> in Chim. Ind. (Paris) 86 (1961) 542–545.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-eEROS-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-eEROS_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">e-EROS <a href="Encyclopedia_of_Reagents_for_Organic_Synthesis" title="Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis">Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis</a>, 1999–2023, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Eintrag für Acetonitril, abgerufen am <i>20. April 2017</i>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:1-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_35-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_35-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert West, Gerald A. Gornowicz: <cite style="font-style:italic">Polylithium compounds. IV. Polylithiation of nitriles and the preparations of trisilyl ynamines</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of the American Chemical Society</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>93</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>7</span>, April 1971, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1714–1720</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00736a025">10.1021/ja00736a025</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Acetonitril&amp;rft.atitle=Polylithium+compounds.+IV.+Polylithiation+of+nitriles+and+the+preparations+of+trisilyl+ynamines&amp;rft.au=Robert+West%2C+Gerald+A.+Gornowicz&amp;rft.date=1971-04&amp;rft.doi=10.1021%2Fja00736a025&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=7&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&amp;rft.pages=1714-1720&amp;rft.volume=93" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Krüger-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Krüger_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Krüger, C.: <i>Monosodium acetonitriles, their preparation, properties and reactions</i> in <a href="J._Organomet._Chem." class="mw-redirect" title="J. Organomet. Chem.">J. Organomet. Chem.</a> 9 (1967) 125–134, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-328X%2800%2992412-4">10.1016/S0022-328X(00)92412-4</a></span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Cook-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cook_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronzio, A. R.; Cook, W. B.: <i>4-Amino-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine</i> in Org. Synth., Coll. Vol. 1955, 3, 71 <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15227/orgsyn.024.0006">10.15227/orgsyn.024.0006</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orgsyn.org/Content/pdfs/procedures/CV3P0071.pdf">pdf</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Osterberg-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Osterberg_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. M. Osterberg, J. K. Niemeier, C. J. Welch, J. M. Hawkins, J. R. Martinelli, T. E. Johnson, T. W. Root, S. S. Stahl: <i>Experimental Limiting Oxygen Concentrations for Nine Organic Solvents at Temperatures and Pressures Relevant to Aerobic Oxidations in the Pharmaceutical Industry.</i> In: <i><a href="Org._Process_Res._Dev." class="mw-redirect" title="Org. Process Res. Dev.">Org. Process Res. Dev.</a></i> 19, 2015, S. 1537–1542, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/op500328f" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1021/op500328f">doi:10.1021/op500328f</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Brandes, W. Möller: <i>Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen.</i> Band 1: <i>Brennbare Flüssigkeiten und Gase.</i> Wirtschaftsverlag NW – Verlag für neue Wissenschaft, Bremerhaven 2003.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Technische Regel für Gefahrstoffe TRGS 727, BG RCI Merkblatt T033 <i>Vermeidung von Zündgefahren infolge elektrostatischer Aufladungen</i>, Stand August 2016, Jedermann-Verlag Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-86825-103-6.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Henning Wallentowitz, Konrad Reif (Hrsg.): <i>Handbuch Kraftfahrzeugelektronik: Grundlagen − Komponenten – Systeme – Anwendungen.</i> 2. Auflage. Vieweg+Teubner, 2010, ISBN 978-3-8348-0700-7, S.&nbsp;270.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">William G. Killian, Andrew T. Norfleet, Carl T. Lira: <cite style="font-style:italic">Densities of Selected Deuterated Solvents</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of Chemical &amp; Engineering Data</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>67</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>4</span>, 14.&nbsp;April 2022, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>893–901</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.1c00990">10.1021/acs.jced.1c00990</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Acetonitril&amp;rft.atitle=Densities+of+Selected+Deuterated+Solvents&amp;rft.au=William+G.+Killian%2C+Andrew+T.+Norfleet%2C+Carl+T.+Lira&amp;rft.date=2022-04-14&amp;rft.doi=10.1021%2Facs.jced.1c00990&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+%26+Engineering+Data&amp;rft.pages=893-901&amp;rft.volume=67" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-inrs-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-inrs_43-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inrs.fr/accueil/produits/bdd/doc/fichetox.html?refINRS=FT%20104"><i>Fiche toxicologique nº&nbsp;104&nbsp;: Acétonitrile</i></a>, Paris, 2004.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-encyc-toxic-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-encyc-toxic_44-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-encyc-toxic_44-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Wexler: <i>Encyclopedia of Toxicology.</i> 2005, Vol. 1, Elsevier, S. 28–30.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ecb-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ecb_45-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Spanish Ministry of Health: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/764c8da5-79e2-418d-bf1f-ab59592f8cc6"><i>Acetonitrile. Risk Assessment Report</i></a> (PDF; 3,1&nbsp;MB), European Chemicals Bureau.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-who-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-who_46-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-who_46-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-who_46-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Environmental Health Criteria (EHC)</i> für <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc154.htm">Acetonitrile</a></span>, abgerufen am 29.&nbsp;November 2014.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-epa-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-epa_47-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Greenberg: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/iris/toxreviews/0205tr.pdf"><i>Toxicological Review of Acetonitrile</i></a> (PDF; 336&nbsp;kB), United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1999.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (IFA): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dguv.de/medien/ifa/de/fac/reach/mega_auswertungen/acetonitril.pdf"><i>MEGA-Auswertungen zur Erstellung von REACH-Expositionsszenarien für Acetonitril.</i></a> (PDF)<span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 11.&nbsp;Juli 2023</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AAcetonitril&amp;rft.title=MEGA-Auswertungen+zur+Erstellung+von+REACH-Expositionsszenarien+f%C3%BCr+Acetonitril&amp;rft.description=MEGA-Auswertungen+zur+Erstellung+von+REACH-Expositionsszenarien+f%C3%BCr+Acetonitril&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dguv.de%2Fmedien%2Fifa%2Fde%2Ffac%2Freach%2Fmega_auswertungen%2Facetonitril.pdf&amp;rft.creator=Institut+f%C3%BCr+Arbeitsschutz+der+Deutschen+Gesetzlichen+Unfallversicherung+%28IFA%29">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
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